Cell Biology

As you know all living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest living unit, and they are microscopic. The four characteristics of a cell are: surrounding membrane, protoplasm (cell contents in thick fluid), organelles, and control center with DNA. There are 2 types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are cell type for bacteria and archaea. They have no membrane bound nucleus, and the organelles are not bound by membranes. Eukaryotic cells are cell type of fungi, plant, and animals. They possess many organelles

and have nucleus bound by membrane. A cell is surrounded by plasma membrane which is a double layer of phospholipids and proteins. Few molecules move freely through this membrane such as: water and gases. Others need carrier proteins in order to pass such as ions and glucose. The nucleus is the control center of cell, it has double membrane and contains chromosomes. Other organelles include: endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, Mitochondria, and ribosomes. Each has a specific function that ensures the survival of a cell.